一直做的是一些前端的工作，对服务器的配置部署没有很完整的经验。这次自己完整的配置了一台服务器，记录一下同时也可以让有相同需求的人少走一些弯路。
如果配置完成的话，只要修改好本地的版本，然后git push一下，最后运行命令 cap deploy，你的本地版本就会部署到服务器上，这个过程新旧版本是无缝切换的，听上去是不是非常的棒呢!
环境安装
首先是环境安装，这部分用了个脚本
请务必完整的看一下脚本再进行安装
把这个wget到服务器上，适当编辑后（修改deploy账号密码，根据个人需要调整等）然后执行
$ wget https://raw.github.com/panlilu/scripts/master/stackscript $ vi stackscript $ sudo bash stackscript
然后就可以开始配置了，首先要对nginx进行配置：
Nginx
$ cd /usr/local/nginx/conf $ vi nginx.conf
编辑成这样
#/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 2;
worker_cpu_affinity 01 10;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
error_log /home/deploy/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
access_log /home/deploy/log/nginx/access.log;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript;
gzip_vary on;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;
}
注意上面配置文件倒数第二行，主配置文件会包含 /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/ 下的.conf后缀配置文件作为虚拟主机配置
我们在/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/下新建配置文件 <your_site>.com.conf
注意替换<your_site>作为你自己的域名
#/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/<your_site>.com.conf
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=default:10m;
upstream <your_site>_backend {
server unix:/tmp/unicorn.<your_site>.sock fail_timeout=0;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name <your_site>.com www.<your_site>.com;
root /home/deploy/app/<your_site>/current/public;
try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri @unicorn;
location ~* ^(/assets|/favicon.ico) {
gzip_static on;
access_log off;
expires max;
}
location @unicorn {
limit_conn default 5;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_pass http://<your_site>_backend;
}
}
配置完成后重启nginx
$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
如果重启成功没有返回什么错误，这个时候你如果域名绑定成功了，访问域名出现一个503bad gateway错误的话，说明你的配置大概已经成功了。
接下来需要配置应用了
关于如何配置本地的rails环境，我就不多说了，参考rails官网。
新建一个rails应用后，你需要对其进行一些修改：
Unicorn
首先我们要修改应用的gemfile使其包含unicorn
# Gemfile gem "unicorn" group :development do gem "capistrano" end
然后 bundle intall 一下就安装好了
然后对unicorn进行配置
#config/unicorn.rb
rails_env = ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'production'
app_path = "/home/deploy/app/<your_site>/current"
listen "/tmp/unicorn.<your_site>.sock"
worker_processes 4
pid "#{app_path}/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"
stderr_path "#{app_path}/log/unicorn.log"
stdout_path "#{app_path}/log/unicorn.log"
preload_app true
timeout 30
before_fork do |server, worker|
old_pid = "#{app_path}/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid.oldbin"
if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid
begin
Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i)
rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH
puts "Send 'QUIT' signal to unicorn error!"
end
end
end
这样就完成了。
capistrano
先要安装capistrano
和安装unicorn差不多只要配置gemfile然后bundle install就行
# Gemfile group :development do gem "capistrano" end
bundle install完成之后还需要运行下面命令来生成一些文件
capify .
配置capistrano比较的麻烦，我直接帖出我已经配置好的文件
#config/deploy.rb
require "bundler/capistrano"
set :application, "<your_site>"
set :user, "deploy"
set :use_sudo, false
set :repository, "deploy@git.<your_site>.com:repo/<your_site>.git" #请改成自己的git源
set :scm, :git
# Or: `accurev`, `bzr`, `cvs`, `darcs`, `git`, `mercurial`, `perforce`, `subversion` or `none`
set :deploy_to, "/home/deploy/app/#{application}"
set :deploy_via, :remote_cache
set :domain, "feather.<your_site>.com"
set :normalize_asset_timestamps, false #for Solve the probem: Not precomplie assets
role :web, domain # Your HTTP server, Apache/etc
role :app, domain # This may be the same as your `Web` server
role :db, domain, :primary => true # This is where Rails migrations will run
set :rails_env, "production"
after "deploy", "deploy:cleanup"
namespace :deploy do
task :start, :roles => :app do
run "cd #{deploy_to}/current/; RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec unicorn_rails -c config/unicorn.rb -D"
end
task :stop, :roles => :app do
run "kill -QUIT `cat #{deploy_to}/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`"
end
desc "Zero-downtime restart of Unicorn"
task :restart, :roles => :app do
run "kill -USR2 `cat #{deploy_to}/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`"
end
task :setup_config, roles: :app do
sudo "ln -nfs #{current_path}/config/unicorn_ini.sh /etc/init.d/unicorn_#{application}"
run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/config"
end
after "deploy:setup", "deploy:setup_config"
desc "Make sure local git is in sync with remote."
task :check_revision, roles: :web do
unless `git rev-parse HEAD` == `git rev-parse origin/master`
puts "WARNING: HEAD is not the same as origin/master"
puts "Run `git push` to sync changes."
exit
end
end
# desc "run 'bundle install' to install Bundler's packaged gems for the current deploy"
# task :bundle_install, :roles => :app do
# run "cd #{current_path} && bundle install"
# end
before "deploy", "deploy:check_revision"
after 'deploy:update_code' do
run "cd #{release_path}; RAILS_ENV=production rake assets:precompile"
end
end
# if you're still using the script/reaper helper you will need
# these http://github.com/rails/irs_process_scripts
# If you are using Passenger mod_rails uncomment this:
# namespace :deploy do
# task :start do ; end
# task :stop do ; end
# task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do
# run "#{try_sudo} touch #{File.join(current_path,'tmp','restart.txt')}"
# end
# end
task :mongoid_create_indexes, :roles => :web do
run "cd #{deploy_to}/current/; RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:mongoid:create_indexes"
end
Unicorn_ini.sh 这个脚本配置完成后会自动软链接到/etc/init.d/unicorn_<your_site> 的，方便控制unicorn的运行
#config/unicorn_ini.sh
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: unicorn
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Manage unicorn server
# Description: Start, stop, restart unicorn server for a specific application.
### END INIT INFO
set -e
# Feel free to change any of the following variables for your app:
TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT-60}
APP_ROOT=/home/deploy/app/<your_site>/current
PID=$APP_ROOT/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid
CMD="cd $APP_ROOT; bundle exec unicorn -D -c $APP_ROOT/config/unicorn.rb -E production"
AS_USER=deploy
set -u
OLD_PIN="$PID.oldbin"
sig () {
test -s "$PID" && kill -$1 `cat $PID`
}
oldsig () {
test -s $OLD_PIN && kill -$1 `cat $OLD_PIN`
}
run () {
if [ "$(id -un)" = "$AS_USER" ]; then
eval $1
else
su -c "$1" - $AS_USER
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
sig 0 && echo >&2 "Already running" && exit 0
run "$CMD"
;;
stop)
sig QUIT && exit 0
echo >&2 "Not running"
;;
force-stop)
sig TERM && exit 0
echo >&2 "Not running"
;;
restart|reload)
sig HUP && echo reloaded OK && exit 0
echo >&2 "Couldn't reload, starting '$CMD' instead"
run "$CMD"
;;
upgrade)
if sig USR2 && sleep 2 && sig 0 && oldsig QUIT
then
n=$TIMEOUT
while test -s $OLD_PIN && test $n -ge 0
do
printf '.' && sleep 1 && n=$(( $n - 1 ))
done
echo
if test $n -lt 0 && test -s $OLD_PIN
then
echo >&2 "$OLD_PIN still exists after $TIMEOUT seconds"
exit 1
fi
exit 0
fi
echo >&2 "Couldn't upgrade, starting '$CMD' instead"
run "$CMD"
;;
reopen-logs)
sig USR1
;;
*)
echo >&2 "Usage: $0 <start|stop|restart|upgrade|force-stop|reopen-logs>"
exit 1
;;
esac
配置完成后，本地运行：
cap deploy:setup
补充
为了防止每次静态文件编译过慢，我们需要引入一个新的gem
gem 'turbo-sprockets-rails3'
服务器的路径结构是这样的
~/app/<your_site> 应用的存放目录
~/app/<your_site>/current 当前的版本
~/app/<your_site>/releases 最近的releases
~/app/<your_site>/shared 应用的公用文件，比如日志等
~/app/repo 存放git仓库
~/log log的链接
~/conf 配置文件的链接
至于git的配置我想大家都轻车熟路，我就不多说了。
参考
以上